Date: Tue, 22 Jun 1993 14:35:35 EDT

From: Ellen Johnson ATLAS[AT SYMBOL GOES HERE]uga.cc.uga.edu

Subject: Re: corn meal mush



You're in luck! Mush just happens to be one of the things I asked about in

my 1990 interviews in communities previously surveyed by LAMSAS. Here are

the tallies of terms and some commentary from informants (contains words not

listed in the tallies because they were reported as heard only or otherwise

doubtful). For the most part, the people I talked to had not eaten mush

in many years; it is clearly becoming extinct. In the social analyses, the

word mush was used statistically more often by whites in the earlier sample.

This may be due to use of the competing term "cush" by blacks (though not

freq. enough to show up in the statistics). I take this to be an Africanism

related to couscous. Here are the data:



1930s

cush - 3

mush - 36

turn mush - 1 (refers to turning it in frying process?)



1990

corn mush - 3

cornmeal mush - 2

druel - 1

mush - 14

No response - 9 (us. because they were unfamiliar w/referent and term)



Cultivated speaker fr. Savannah (1930s): mush fed only to cattle

Rural white male, GA, 1930s: hushpup hrd. from "Negroes", interpreted

as something to hush the pups from crying; turn mush made of meal,

turn flour of flour (turn flour also used by a SC speaker)

Rur. Wh. M., Ga, 1930s: cush made of bread crumbs

Educ., middle-aged Wh. Female, SC, 1930s: Indian pudding if sweetened

Uneduc., old, wh. f., SC, 1930s: cush was something cooked over cornbread



rur. wh. m., Ga, 1990: gruel was more liquid, of boiled milk and meal,

eaten when sick (term also offered by SC and NC speakers)

some ate it for breakfast, some for supper, one compared it to cream of wheat

uned. old wh. f., Sc, 1990: ate as a snack

aristocratic, old wh.m., NC, 1990: slaves and old people w/no teeth ate it

old wh. m. rural mountains of NC, 1990 pronounced mush with an extra /r/



There, that's probably more than you wanted to know. I've been out of

town or I would have posted this wealth of info. sooner. I'll stick to the

subject and not get into things like a hog's "liver and lights" or chittlings

today, but these are also foods that were associated w/ poor and or rural

people and are rarely eaten today (though chittlings are still fairly commonly

known, though many people don't know quite what they are). For the record,

I'm 33, grew up in a middle-class suburb of Atlanta, and never saw any of

these items on a dinner table (or elsewhere). This field work was quite an

education for me, but questions like this were good for the interview, as

they allowed the informant to be the expert rather than being intimidated

by someone more educated. Ellen Johnson atlas[AT SYMBOL GOES HERE]uga



Date: Tue, 22 Jun 1993 14:13:17 CDT

From: Salikoko Mufwene mufw[AT SYMBOL GOES HERE]MIDWAY.UCHICAGO.EDU

Subject: Re: corn meal mush



In becoming acculturated in African American culture, one of the things I

learned early was chittlings, served as a delicatesse during the Christmas

season. It often comes with the Christmas dinner, both in the North (Midwest)

and the Southeast.

Salikoko Mufwene

University of Chicago

s-mufwene[AT SYMBOL GOES HERE]uchicago.edu



Date: Tue, 22 Jun 1993 20:17:07 -0600

From: Dan Goodman dsg[AT SYMBOL GOES HERE]STAFF.TC.UMN.EDU

Subject: African American foods



On 22 Jun 1993 14:13:17 -0500 (CDT), Salikoko Mufwene wrote:



In becoming acculturated in African American culture, one of the things I

learned early was chittlings, served as a delicatesse during the Christmas

season. It often comes with the Christmas dinner, both in the North (Midwest)

and the Southeast.

Salikoko Mufwene

University of Chicago

s-mufwene[AT SYMBOL GOES HERE]uchicago.edu



At Lake and Lyndale in south Minneapolis, there's a bar which has black-

oriented music at night. They advertise a special soul food menu at night,

cooked by a chef from Chicago.



Among the soul food mentioned is "jew town polisausage." Apparently, soul

food has undergone some changes in Chicago.



Dan Goodman dsg[AT SYMBOL GOES HERE]staff.tc.umn.edu



Date: Tue, 22 Jun 1993 21:02:09 -0600

From: Dan Goodman dsg[AT SYMBOL GOES HERE]STAFF.TC.UMN.EDU

Subject: cross-post of possible interest



----- Forwarded message begins here -----

From: Dan Goodman dsg[AT SYMBOL GOES HERE]staff.tc.umn.edu

22 Jun 1993 20:44:59 -0600

To: Multiple recipients of list FOLKTALK FOLKTALK[AT SYMBOL GOES HERE]WMVM1.BITNET

Subject: why play by ear when you can read notes?



I'm reviving a dormant topic because it took me a while to work out what I

had to say:



One reason to learn by ear is that it helps in _unlearning_ what you know

about hearing music (and then producing it).



There's a similar problem with speech. Someone whose native language is

German may never be able to hear the distinction in English between th, d,

and t in contexts where the distinction isn't important in German. Someone

from a speech area where r at the end of syllables disappears may never be

able to hear any difference between "silver" and "Silva".



Even written material can be thus "misheard". Oscar Wilde remembered

seeing in the Wild West a sign that said "Please do not shoot the pianist.

He is doing his best." It's likely that the sign actually said "Please

don't shoot the piano player. He's doing the best he can."



English authors get the _rhythm_ of American English wrong. See any of

John Brunner's sf novels set in the US for examples. The only English

writers I've encountered who could write believable American dialog are

Rudyard Kipling and Clive Barker. And I've never heard an English actor

speak American believably, though there are probably a few who can manage

it.



Music is more subtle than speech, I think. Certainly, many aspects of

music are more subtle than word choice, word stress, and verb forms.



Dan Goodman dsg[AT SYMBOL GOES HERE]staff.tc.umn.edu

------ Forwarded message ends here ------



Date: Tue, 22 Jun 1993 23:01:00 EDT

From: "James_C.Stalker" STALKER[AT SYMBOL GOES HERE]MSU.EDU

Subject: Re: corn meal mush



Chittlins, ah, now there is another delicacy, often eating with cracklin

bread!Chittlins I can pass up. Cracklin bread was pretty good.

Stalker[AT SYMBOL GOES HERE]msu.edu



Date: Wed, 23 Jun 1993 13:41:17 GMT

From: Michael Everson EVERSON[AT SYMBOL GOES HERE]IRLEARN.UCD.IE

Subject: List of Language Lists, version 1.1



Computer Bulletin Boards for Individual Languages



Prepared by Bernard Comrie and Michael Everson

Version 1.1 (13 May 1993)



This file lists bulletin boards devoted primarily to the

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languages (though a couple of others, in particular lists

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The usual way of subscribing to a list is to send the following

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A list of mailing lists available on Internet is available by

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The materials you will receive include instructions for getting

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==========

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==========

Computer Bulletin Boards for Individual Languages



Prepared by Bernard Comrie and Michael Everson

Version 1.1 (13 May 1993)

==========



Michael Everson

School of Architecture, UCD; Richview, Clonskeagh; Dublin 14; E/ire

Phone: +353 1 706-2745 Fax: +353 1 283-8908 Home: +353 1 478-2597



Date: Wed, 23 Jun 1993 12:11:26 CDT

From: Salikoko Mufwene mufw[AT SYMBOL GOES HERE]MIDWAY.UCHICAGO.EDU

Subject: Re: African American foods



I don't know what Dan's example demonstrates. Several ethnic restaurants

serve dishes that are not representative of the ethnic groups they claim to

represent; they may simply be items their customers like to order.

Salikoko Mufwene

s-mufwene[AT SYMBOL GOES HERE]uchicago.edu



Date: Wed, 23 Jun 1993 17:12:30 -0500

From: Natalie Maynor maynor[AT SYMBOL GOES HERE]RA.MSSTATE.EDU

Subject: Methods VIII



Any of you who are planning on going to Methods VIII better start making

travel arrangements. I thought I was getting an early start by trying to

buy a plane ticket today (since I'm going to be out of town for much of

July). There are *no* seats left from Victoria to Seattle on August 8

except on Air Alaska, which would make the price several hundred dollars

over the estimate I got from Northwest a month or two ago. Same for

August 9. The travel agent said that she's never seen flights from

Canada so full this far in advance -- that something big must be happening

around that time -- bigger than Methods VIII. Rather than pay all that

extra money that would be required if Air Alaska got involved in the

routing, I'm probably going to fly round-trip Seattle and find a boat.

Do any of you know anything about boats between Seattle and Victoria?

I've heard from an e-mail friend in New England that a pleasant, not-very-

expensive hydrofoil runs between Seattle and Victoria a couple of times

a day.



At least I remembered this time that Canada is a different country.

I didn't get any funding for NWAVE in Montreal several years ago because

I forgot to file the international travel papers three months in advance.

(My apologies to the Canadians on the list who might find that insulting.

I don't consider it an insult, however. I tend to think of land masses

as units and places separated by water as different countries -- which is

perhaps why I remembered to file the international travel papers for

Victoria.)

--Natalie (maynor[AT SYMBOL GOES HERE]ra.msstate.edu)



Date: Wed, 23 Jun 1993 17:42:29 -700

From: Warren Keith Russell keru[AT SYMBOL GOES HERE]CPU.US.DYNIX.COM

Subject: Re: Methods VIII



There are ferries that run from just outside Seattle to Victoria, several

times a day, as I recall. It's inexpensive and a beautiful

trip--definitely one of the highlights of my trip to Victoria/Vancouver a

few years ago. You may be fortunate that there are no flights available!





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